活性污泥微生物群落结构与污水处理效能的关联分析

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关键词：污水处理；活性污泥；微生物群落；功能细菌；高通量测序

中图分类号：X703 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-9500（2025）12-0015-07DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2025.12.005

Abstract：To investigate theimpact of microbialcommunity structure inactivated sludgeof sewage treatment plants on sewage treatment efficiency，three underground sewage treatment plants in a districtof Chengdu were selected as the researchobjects.Thesewage treatment eficiencywas trackedandmonitored，andthe16SRibonucleicAcid（RNA）highthroughput sequencing technologywas used to testthe microbial diversityof activated sludge ineach plant，with a focus onidentifyingthefunctionsofdominantbacterialgeneraandanalyzingthecorelationbetweendominantbacterialgenera and sewage treatment eficiency.The results showed thatthe threesewage treatment plants maintained high removal rates of major pollutants throughoutthe monitoring period.The dominant bacterial genera in the three sewage treatment plants include14organic matterdegrading bacteria，15 denitrifying bacteria，and8phosphorus removing bacteria，withavery lowproportionof typical functional bacteria.Thesewage treatment eficiencyofPlantA，which hasthelowest microbial diversity，is the worst.The C plant with the moststable microbial communitystructure has the highest Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD），ammonia nitrogen，and total nitrogen removalrates.The B plant withthehighest proportionof phosphorus removal bacteria has the highest totalphosphorus removalrate and thelowestunitconsumptionof polyaluminumchloride. Therefore，buildingastable microbialcommunitywithahigh proportionoffunctional bacteriacaneffectivelyimprove the efficiency of sewage treatment.

Keywords： sewage treatment; activated sludge; microbial community;functional bacteria; high-throughput sequencing

污水生物处理技术是最经济有效和应用最广泛的污水处理技术。（剩余7426字）