基于应变式传感器的铁路货车载质量实时监测方法

打开文本图片集

中图分类号：U272：TQ323.5 文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-5922（2026）1-0288-04

Abstract：Areal-time monitoring method for rail freight car load massbased on strain sensors is proposed.A calculation model was established using finite element analysis software to analyze the stresstate and stressdistribution of the freight car during operation，and to determinethe layout area of strain sensors.The sensors were instaled to collect structural straindata of the freightcar，which was then converted into digital signals fortransmision and storage.Based on the principles of material mechanics and structural mechanics，combined with freight car design theory，a mathematical model of pavement unevennessanda vehicle longitudinal dynamics equation were constructed to derive arelational model between strain and load mass.Aload mass estimator was established using the recursive least squares method;the Cramer's rule was adopted to solve the model monitoring parameters and update the covariance，and the least squares solution was taken as the control parameter.With strain data as input，the freight carload mass value was output to achieve real-time dynamic monitoring.Experimental results show thatthe monitoring results obtained bythe proposed method forrailfreight carload mass have a confidence level higherthan0.8， are closer to the actual values，and feature high monitoring accuracy.

Key words：strain sensor;rail freight car;load capacity;real time monitoring;structural strain

在常规铁路货车载质量监测领域，主要通过实时监控货车的输出功率进行动态监测，但无法适应复杂多变的测试工况，使得监测结果的精度有限，难以满足现代铁路运输高效、动态的管理需求。（剩余5022字）