《孟子》 以国得天下思想探微

——兼谈其与春秋公羊学的联系

An Exploration of Mencius' Thought of Gaining the Tianxia Through a State： And a Discussion on Its Connection with the Gongyang School of the Spring and Autumn Period

XUBeichen

关键词：孟子；天下；公羊学；王道；三世说；中央之国中图分类号：B222.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-4110（2026）04-0013-05

DOI： 10.26991/j.cnki.issn2096-4110.2026.04.004

Abstract： In the Mencius， the discussions on gaining the Tianxia through a state form a relatively systematic ideological theory.Its theoretical foundation lies in the interactivity of the relationship between the Tianxia and a state： the Son of Heaven is also the monarch of the Central State，and thus one can gain the Tianxia by virtue of his state， while losing the Tianxia does not hinder the survival of his state.This is consistent with the doctrine of "Preserving the Descendants of the Two Former Sovereigns" in the Gongyang School. Mencius held that the core of gaining the Tianxia lies in "winning the people's hearts"， thereby proposing the practical path of "securing the people and becoming the true king" which aligns with the Gongyang School's doctrine that "a true king is one to whom all people turn". In the discusson of the objective conditions for gaining the Tianxia through a state， this paper finds that Mencius' thoughts of "seizing the momentum" and "awaiting the right time" echo the Gongyang School's theories of Wang Lu （the Kingly Way in Lu） and the Three Ages respectively. Mencius'differentiation between "subduing others with benevolence and virtue" and "nurturing others with benevolence and virtue" reveals the fallacy of brutally altering the political systems of other states，which is interconnected with the Gongyang School's doctrine of "the Lord of Lu having no worthy assistants". This enlightens us that late-developing countries must not follow the path of mechanically copying the development models of other countries.

Key words： Mencius; Tianxia; Gongyang School; Royal Way; Three Ages Theory; Central Country

文化创新 COMPARATIVESTUDY比较研究 ONE OULTIRAL

近年来，学界对于中国传统政治学说中的“天下观”多所措意，其中尤以赵汀阳的相关讨论最具创见且成体系。（剩余7550字）