“弥合"抑或“扩张”：共同富裕视角下农业机械化与收入不平等

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中图分类号：F301 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2026）03-0294-

Abstract：Agricultural mechanization has beenakey driverof China’sprogress towardagricultural modernization. However，income inequality betweenurban and rural areasand withinrural areas continues to worsen.Asaresult， thedevelopment goalsof shared prosperityandagricultural modernizationexhibit signs of imbalanceand weak coupling. Usingprovincial panel datafrom 20o to 2O23，thisarticle examines how thedevelopment ofagricultural modernization influences shared prosperity through the lensof agricultural mechanization.A two-way fixed effects modelandapanel thresholdmodelareemployed toanalyze theserelationship.Thefindingsindicate that agricultural mechanization has a significant impact onincome inequality.Increases in the total powerof agricultural machinery hasa bridging efectontheurban-rural incomegap，buttheyalsotendtowidenincomedisparities withinruralareas.Incontrast，theexpansionof large-scale agricultural machinerycontributes toreducing both urbanand rural areas and intra-rural income gaps simultaneously. Mechanismanalysis shows thatagricultural mechanization significantlyaffectsincome inequalityprimarilybyimproving thealocationandmobilityeficiencyof agricultural production factors such as landand labor.Heterogeneity analysis further shows thatagricultural machinery purchase subsidies and targeted povertyaleviation policies provide essential institutional guarantesandmaterial support foragricultural mechanization topromoteshared prosperity.However，inmajorgrain-producing regions，rising mechanization levels tend toexacerbate，ratherthanreduce，inequality.Moreover，asregionalindustrial structures evolve towardmoreadvancedandrationalized formsandsurpassthe thresholdlevel，thepositiveefectofagricultural mechanization on shared prosperity becomes stronger.Thesefindings offer important policy implications for advancing agricultural modernization and achieving the long-term goal of shared prosperity in the new era.

Keywords：agricultural mechanization；commonprosperity；urban-rural incomegap；income inequalitywithinrural areas

0 引言

城乡收人差距长居高位、农村内部收人差距持续扩大等问题已成为阻碍中国实现共同富裕远景目标的重要因素[1]。（剩余18783字）