自走式蔬菜穴盘苗自动移栽机设计与试验

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中图分类号：S223.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2026）03-0027-08

DOI：10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2026.03.005

刘丹，张双侠，崔志超，等．自走式蔬菜穴盘苗自动移栽机设计与试验[J]．中国农机化学报，2026，47（3）：27－34

Abstract：Aimingattheshortcomingsofloweficiencyandmissedseedinginmanualsedling pickingandfeedingof semi-automatictransplanter，aself-propelled，fullautomatictransplanterwasdesignedforhandlingvegetableseedling trays，anditsoverall structure and workingprinciple areintroduced.Andthe keycomponents such as tray conveying，seedling picking，and planting mechanisms were designedandanalyzed.The machine innovatively proposeda trayconveyingtechnologydrivenbychaintransmision topushrodsfortranslationandpositionedbasedondualsensorinformation fusion，a bidirectionalrow-by-rowparalelsedling picking andfeding technologyusing peumatic grippers，andanadjustableparameterelectricdriveplanting technology.Through systematic integrationandcordination，the entireprocess wasautomated，including tray loading，seedlinggrasping，fixed-point dropping，hillspacingadjustment， precise planting，automatic soil covering，and empty tray recycling.Field performance testswere conducted on128- cellcabbage sedling trays.Theresultsshowedthatataplanting frequencyof6Oplants/（min·row），thetrays were succesfully conveyed and positioned in each test group，with a seedling picking success rate greater than 95% and an average rate of 97.23% . The maximum coefficient of variation for hill spacing was 5.8% ，with an average of 4.6% ： The qualified rate of planting depth exceeded 90% for all groups，with an average of 93.6% .The developed automatic transplanterachieved stable andprecise tray conveying，high seedling picking successrate， high planting depth qualificationrate，andconsistenthillspacing，meeting thedesignrequirements.Notably，itaddressd thetechnicalchalenge ofadapting ordinary hard plastic trays to automatic seedling picking. Keywords：automatic transplanter；plug sedling；tray conveying；pneumatic seedling pick-updevice;electric drive planting

0 引言

我国是世界上最大的蔬菜生产国和消费国，截至2023年，我国蔬菜年产量约为 8.29×108 t，约占世界蔬菜总产量的 60% 。（剩余13128字）