我国农机产品出口结构与竞争力变迁研究

——基于出口技术复杂度视角

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关键词：农机产品；农机贸易；出口竞争力；出口结构；出口技术复杂度中图分类号：F72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2025）08-0336-10

Abstract：Tobuildastrong tradecountry，theimprovementof industrialcompetitivenessmustbeacelerated.Basedon theUnitedNations CommodityTrade Statistics databaseandexport tradedataof39countries，thedevelopmentof China'sagricultural machinery exporttrade was examined，as well as product structural changes and export competitiveness trendsof clasified products from2Ol1 to2021 from theperspectiveof export technical complexity.The resultsshowthat theexportcompetitivenessof China'sagricultural machineryasa wholeand clasifiedproducts was continued to increase，the exportvolume of products was increased，andthe export structure has been furtheroptimized in recent years.Buttheoverallexporttechnicalcomplexityofagricultural machineryproductshassloweddown.Tilage machinery，harvestingmachineryandagriculturalprimaryprocessingmachineryarehighlycompetitiveagricultural machinery products.Plantingandfertilizing machinery，post-harvest processing machinery，animal husbandry machinery andothermachinery areagriculturalmachineryproductswith generalcompetitiveness.Agriculturalhandling machineryand power machinery areagricultural machinery products with weak competitiveness.Compared with Germany，the United States，Japanandothermajoragricultural machinerycountries，the overallexportcompetitivenessof China'sagricultural machineryproductsisatacompetitivedisadvantage，anddiferentcategoriesofproductshavediferentcompetitive advantages.Basedonthis，thecountermeasures are put forward，including enhancing investmentin scientific researchand strengthening technological innovation；optimizing the levelof agricultural machineryequipmentandachievingbalance in the equipment structure；exploring broad export markets actively and promoting trade facilitation.

Keywords：agricultural machinery products；agricultural machinerytrade；exportcompetitiveness；export structure; export technical complexity

0 引言

党的二十大报告强调“要加快建设贸易强国”《国务院关于加快推进农业机械化和农机装备产业转型升级的指导意见》提出“要加快推动农机装备产业高质量发展”。（剩余15567字）