基于YOLOX一Nano的稻田空心莲子草目标检测方法研究

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中图分类号：S224.15；TP391.41 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2025）07-0173-08

Abstract：Alternanthera philoxeroides isan alieninvasivemalignant weedin rice fields，which competeswithrice sedlings for water，fertilizer，lightand growthspace before seedling closure，thusseriouslyafecting rice yield.At present，chemical herbicidesaremainlyusedtocontrolweeds.If indiscriminatesprayingofchemical herbicidesis usedin rice fields，it willnotonlypoluting the environment but also causingcertain phytotoxicity torice sedlings.With therapiddevelopmentofartificial intellgenceanddeep learning，itisposibletopreciselysprayherbicidesaccording to the regionallocationof weeds inricefields.Duetotheeficientreasoningabilityandfastiterationof theYOLOseries with one-stagetarget detection models，the seriesversion hasbecomesmaller in sizeandcan beeasilyembedded in mobile phonesorother terminal products.Thisarticle focuses on themalignant weed hollow lotus seed grass in paddy fields before the seedlings are sealedoff，and theYOLOX series areestablished.The performanceofYOLOX Nano in the YOLOX series is not optimal. Due to its smalest size among several versions of YOLOX，which could be easily embedded into mobile phones or other terminal products，the YOLOX Nano model in the YOLOX series was ultimately chosen. The YOLOv3，YOLOv4—tiny，YOLOv5—s，SSD，and YOLOX—Nano target detection networks were constructedand their performance were compared.The experimental results showed that the Recall，mAPand （20 F1 values of the YOLOX—Nano based target detection modelof Alternanthera philoxeroides were higher than those of the YOLOv3，YOLOv4—tiny，SSD，and YOLOv5—s，reaching 97.14% ， 96.72% and 93% ，respectively.Aiming at the slight oclusionand partiallysevere occlusionimage betweenseedlings and Alternanthera philoxeroides，thedetection effect of Alternanthera philoxeroides target detection model based on YOLOX—Nano is better than that of YOLOv3 YOLOv4—tiny， SSD，and YOLOv5—s.

Keywords：Alternanthera philoxeroides；paddy field；object detection；weed；YOLOX—Nano

0 引言

稻田空心莲子草为外来入侵世界性恶性杂草，主要与封行前的水稻秧苗幼苗共同竞争水、肥、光和生长空间等资源，影响水稻秧苗的有效分蘗和生长，可减产45%[1] 。（剩余14413字）