公众共用物使用权及其保护

——基于习惯权利视角

中图分类号：D923 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-6916（2025）18-0101-05

The Right to Use Commons and Its Protection

—From the Perspective of Customary Rights Pan Fengxiang

（School ofLaw，Hunan Institute of Science and Technology，Yueyang 414006）

Abstract：Customaryrights，firstadvocatedbyMarx，areanindependentformof rightscharacterizedbyobjectivityanduniversality. AlthoughtherightousecommonshasnotbenexplicilydefinedinChina’scurentlegalsystm，itisiherentlyacustomaryigt.Is subject is the public，itscontent covers both material useand spiritual enjoyment，and its object is non Π-Π exclusive，fully conforming to Marx'stheoryofthecustomaryrightsofthepoor.Asacustomaryright withdistinctcontemporaryfeatures，therighttousecommons essentillyfllswithinthecategoryofpublicrights.Intheprivatelawdomai，itslegalstatusshouldbeclarifedthroughlegation therebyestablishinganonexclusiveright-tousesystem.Onthepubliclawfront，asystematicframeworkfortheprotectionofomons shouldbebuilt，withdualsafeguardsofdministrativeontrolandcostutionalsponsibilityTisillfullyeveragetesistic efectsof governmentleadership，marketincentives，andsocialparticipation，drivingthecomprehensivegovernanceofcommonsand ultimately achieving the goal of coordinated protection by both public and private law.

Keywords：customaryrights;righttousecommons;Marx’stheoryofcustomaryrights；administrativecontrol;；comprehensivegovernance

习惯权利作为权利的一种最初样态与形式，在法学权利体系中处于重要地位，为许多权利研究提供发生学研究范式。（剩余7323字）