生物炭气凝胶重金属吸附剂的无害化处理试验研究

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中图分类号：X705 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2025）12-0289-05

Abstract：Existing studies on biocharbased heavy metal adsorbents mainly focus on adsorption performance，adsorption mechanism and recycling performance，and lack of research on the safety treatment of waste adsorbents.In order to study theefectofharmlesstreatmentof wasteadsorbentbycalcination，the biochar aerogel spheres withsaturatedadsorptionof multiple heavy metals were calcined in a tubular electric furnace at 700∘C and 900∘C respectively，and the samples before andaftercalcination werecharacterized by SEM，EDS，FTIR，XRDand TG—IR.Themorphologies of biochar aerogel，thecontentandmorphologyofheavymetals insolidandthecomponentsintail gas werecomparedandanalyzed. Theresults show that the diameter of the sample has been reduced from 3mm to 1mm aftercalcination，the mass has been reduced by 63% ，and the reduction process has been realized.SEM—EDS analysis showed that organic matter decomposed and inorganic matter enriched during calcination，and heavy metal massproportion increased.FTIR analysis shows that the functional groups of organic mater graduallydisappearandthe peak strengthof inorganic mater increases during calcination.XRDanalysis shows that the heavy metalschange fromexchangeable form tooxidationstate and residual state，and the migration and biotoxicity of Pb ，Cu and Zn decrease after calcination.TG—IR analysis shows that there is CO2 in the tail gas produced during calcination，but no harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are produced.ICP—OESanalysis showed that there was no significant diference in thecontent of heavy metals before and aftercalcination.Theresultsshowthatcalcination isanefectivemethod，whichcanrealizethereductionand harmles treatment of heavy metal adsorbent of waste biochar aerogel.

Keywords：biochar aerogel;heavymetal；wasteadsorbent；harmless treatment

0 引言

生物炭因其出色的理化特性，可用作土壤改良剂、废弃生物质好氧堆肥添加剂、燃料炭等，具有固碳减排、促进堆肥进程、降解有机污染物和固化重金属等积极作用，在农业、环境和能源等领域具有广阔的应用前景[1.2]。（剩余9306字）