列宁对资产阶级民主的批判及其现实意义

——基于《国家与革命》的文本分析

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中图分类号:D033.3;A82;A226 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-6916(2025)16-0053-04

Lenin’s Critique of Bourgeois Democracy and Its Contemporary Significance A Textual Analysis of The State and Revolution

Zhao Miaoli

(School of Marxism,LongdongUniversity,Qingyang 745000)

Abstract:InTheStateandRevolution,Lenincriticizedbourgeoisdemocracywhilecombatingopportunisticprejudicesonhestate, exposingitshypociticalnature.Lnineldthatthedemocraticrepublicisthemostserviceable“politicalshell”capialismcandevise. Universalsufge,eed“aotdillverprdeingalsougeisatasistide everyfewyears,whichfactionoftherulingclasswillrepressandoppressthepeoplefromwithinparliament.Thus,bourgeoisdemocracy “alwaysremains,insubstance,ademocracyforthefew—forthepropertiedclassfortherichalone".Lenin’scritiqueofbourgeois democracyremainsinstructivetoday:itequipsustopenetratethesurfaceofcontemporaryWestedemocracy,fostersasoundsocialist conceptioofdemocracy,upholdsthepeople’sdemocraticdictatorshipastheguaranteeofpopularsovereigntyndstelsoursolveto advancealongthepathof socialistpolitical developmentwith Chinesecharacteristicstoward“ever morecompletedemocracy”.

Keywords:Lenin; The State and Revolution; bourgeois democracy

在帝国主义战争及俄国国内革命斗争的时代背景下,如何对待“国家问题”一直是列宁思考的重要内容,面对以普列汉诺夫等为代表的第二国际理论家们在对待国家问题时表现出的机会主义倾向,列宁在《国家与革命》中全面阐发了无产阶级革命与无产阶级专政理论,深刻批判资产阶级民主是“残缺不全的、贫乏的和虚伪的民主”[1]191,并指出资产阶级国家虽然形式多样,但归根到底一定都是资产阶级专政,这有力捍卫和坚持了马克思主义国家学说。(剩余5291字)

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