水稻秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤碳氮及小麦生长特性和产量的影响

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关键词：秸秆还田；氮肥；土壤有机碳；土壤氮；小麦（TriticumaestivumL.）；生长特性；产量

中图分类号：S512.1;S505；S38 文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2025）05-0033-09

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.05.006

Effects of rice straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on carbon and nitrogen of soil，and growth characteristics and yield ofwheat

LI Meng-juan，YAN Yu-hang，LI Mu-rong，SHI Li-li，KEM SENOU PAVEL DARYL，WANG Xiao-yan （CollgefAgicugtUesitiseahCtefolodgicualUfdstofucaiei KeyLaboratoryof Waterlogging Disasterand Agricultural Useof Wetland，Jingzhou 434025，Hubei，China）

Abstract：Todetermineteoptimalcombinationofstrawreturningandnitrogenfertlizerinwheat（TiticumaestiumL）cultivation withintheice-wheatrotationsystemof heJianghanPlain，afieldexperimentwasconductedusingasplit-plotdesign.Threstrawreturningtreatmentsofnostraweturning（NSR），halftrawreturning（HSR），andfullstrawretuing（TSR）weretested.Fourertilization levels of NO （0kg/hm2），N1 （90 kg/hm²），N2（ 180kg/hm2 ），andN3（ 270kg/hm2 ）were also applied.The effects of these treatmentsnsoilcarbonandnitrogencontents，populationphotosytheticparameters，abvegrounddrymateracumulationandyieldof wheat were studied.Theresultsshowedthat HSRandTSRcombinedwithN2andN3couldefectively increasesoilorganiccarbonin 0＼～20cmsoillayer.HSRcombinedwithNandN3couldincreasesoil otalnitrogencontent.HSRcombinedwithN3couldincrease soilnitratenitrogencontentintheinteringstage.TSRcombiedwithN2andN3couldincreasesoilammoumnitrogencontentinO＼～ 10 cm soil layer from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. HSR + N3 treatment significantly increased the flag leaf relative chlorophyllcontentandpopulationleafareaindexofwheatafterboting，sothatithadhigherabovegrounddrymateraccumulation.Straw returningncreasedtheproportionafteranthsis，whiletheincreaseofnitrogenapplicationrateincreasedtheproportioofdrymter accumulationbeforeanthesis.Strawreturningcombinedwithnitrogenfertilizersignificantlyafectedwheatyield，andtheieldof HSR + N3treatmentwas thehighest.Inconclusion，intheJianghan Plain’srice-wheatrotationsystem，halfstrawreturmingcombined with 180～270kg/hm2 of N fertilizer could maximize wheat yield and effectively improve soil nutrient content.

KeyWords：strawreturing；nitrogenfertilzer；soilorganiccarbon；soilitrogen;heat（TriticumestiumL.）；growtharacteristics;yield

江汉平原地区是中国重要的粮食产区，水稻复种指数高、种植面积广，且拥有丰富的水稻秸秆资源，水稻-小麦轮作已成为该地区的主要种植模式[1，2]。（剩余13413字）