矿山生态环境问题形成机制与综合治理技术研究

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关键词：废弃矿山；环境治理；修复技术；生态修复；可持续发展

中图分类号：X171.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2025）21-0059-04

DOI ： 10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2025.21.011

Abstract：[Purposes] Issues such as land damage，environmental polution，and geological disasters caused by abandoned mines severely restrict the sustainable development of the ecological environment， economy， and society. Therefore，systematically analyzing the formation mechanisms of ecological problems in abandoned mines and exploring scientific and effective ecological remediation technologies and strategies are of great significance for improving the ecological environment of mining areas and practicing ecological civilization construction.[Methods] Through literature research and case analysis，the causes of ecological problems in abandoned mines， including land damage，groundwater level decline，water pollution，atmospheric environmental pollution，and geological disasters， were systematically reviewed.Meanwhile，based on the theory of restoration ecology， modern mine restoration technology systems such as soil remediation， vegetation reconstruction，and mine water environment treatment were summarized.[Findings] The study clarified that mine ecological restoration requires the adoption of diverse technical means for different problems.For example，soil remediation involves the coordinated application of engineering，physical， chemical，and biological technologies，and water environment treatmentcombines ex-situ and in-situ restoration technologies.Additionally，overallstrategies for mine ecological governance were proposed from aspects such as adhering to ecological concepts，hierarchical management，and technical integration.[Conclusions] Mine ecological governance must uphold the concept of "the community of life for mountains，rivers，forests， farmlands，lakes，grasslands and desert." With "hierarchical management and integration of diverse technologies" asthe core，in-depth research should be conducted on the theories，technologies，and practical paths for the sustainable restoration of ecosystem services，so as to achieve the coordinated development of resource exploitation and environmental protection.

Keywords： abandoned mines; environmental remediation; restoration technologies; ecological restoration; sustainable development

0 引言

矿山开采是人类社会发展进程中不可或缺的一部分，长期以来为人类的生产生活提供了大量的矿产资源，为经济社会的发展提供了充足的动力。（剩余4413字）