油茶果脱壳及蒲籽清选设备研究现状

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中图分类号：S237 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2025）10-0242-07

Abstract：The traditional shellngofCamelliaoleifera fruitsismainlydone manually，withhigh laborcostsandhigh operationintensity.Theexisting oil tea fruit shelling equipment haspoor universality，low shell-breaking rateand high seeddamagerate.The levelof mechanization in sheling and cleaninghas becomeanimportant problem thaturgently needstobesolved torestrictthedevelopmentof theoil tea industry.Firstly，as there isrelatively litleresearchonthe shelling of Camelli oleifera fruitsabroad，bysummarizing thecurrent research statusofcashew nut sheling，betel nut shellng andother different typesofnutshellingabroad，itprovies certainreferences fortheshellingofCamelliaoleifera fruitsinChina.Then，thecurrentsituationofmechanizationofCameliaoleifera fruitshelling in China issystematically expoundedfrom the aspects of sheling and seed cleaning.It is found that the impact method has asimple structure and lowcost，buttheshelingefectisnotidealandthedamagerateofteaseedsishigh.Theshearing methodcanremove the shelsoffresh fruitsand hasabetershelingrate，but the maintenancecost is high.Theextrusion method hasahigh sheling effciencyandalowbreakagerateof teaseeds，buttheteafruitsneedtobegradedbeforeprocessing.Therollng method issuitableforteafruitsofdiferent sizes，butitisprone toaccumulation when the watercontentof thetea fruits is high.Thegrain integrityof thedriedfruitbursting method iswellpreserved，butthedryingcost isrelatively highand the subsequent shellseed cleaningis inconvenient.Finall，itisanalyzedthatthecurrentdevelopmentof the mechanizatioof Camellia oleifera fruit sheling in China is facing problemssuchaslowmechanical sellngrate，low eficiencyof sheland sedcleaning，inconsistencybetweenequipmentproductionand industrialdevelopmentpace，pooruniversalityandsingle functionof equipment，non-concentrationof productivity，andthelackofformationofseriesand large-scale production.It pointsout the development suggestions such as gradually carrying out，optimizing and improving keytechnologies， enhancingtheuniversality，adaptabilityandreliabilityofthemachineryandequipment，and drawingonthemature foreign research technology for nut shell breaking and cleaning.

Keywords：Camellia oleifera fruit；sheling；cleaning and sorting ofPupa seeds；mechanical equipment

0 引言

油茶（Camelliaoleifera）在我国有悠久的栽培历史，是我国特有的油料农作物。（剩余13883字）