增材制造中的残余应力对成品质量的影响

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中图分类号：TG665 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945(2025)24-0020-04

Abstract:Aditivemanufacturing(AM)technologyhasgraduallypenetratedintothefieldsofaerospaceandprecision instrumentswithitsdisruptivegeometricformingcapabilities.However,theunevendistributionofresidualstressandtheresulting failureoffinishedproductshavebecomethecorebotleneckrestrictingitsindustrialapplication.Inordertoanalyzthaction lawsandcontrolmechanismsofresidualstress,thisstudyexplorestheinfluenceofthedynamicinteractionofheatsource parameters,materialpropertiesandcolingprocessontheevolutionofresidualstressbasedonanexperimentaltestsystem.The resultsshowthatthenonlinearcouplingoflaserpowerandscaningspeedcausesthetemperaturegradientdiferencetoexceed thecriticalthreshold,causingthepeakresidualtensilestressof316Lstainlessstelsamplestobe423±16MPa；whilethe dispersionofthepowderparticlesizedistribution(whenD5O=35μm)causesthefluctuationamplitudeofthestressfieldto increase by 28%

Keywords:additive manufacturing (AM);residual stress; finishedproductquality;generation mechanism; evolution path

增材制造(AdditiveManufacturing，AM)技术以逐层累积的独特成形机制，突破了传统减材加工的几何约束，赋予复杂拓扑结构构件以高效制备的可能性。（剩余8719字）