“学究”的历史演变及词汇化探赜

中图分类号：H131 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-6916（2025）15-0157-04

An Exploration of the Historical Evolution and Lexicalization of “Xuejiu"

Wu Qi

（Wenzhou University，Wenzhou 325035）

Abstract：Usingaombinationofdiachronicandsynchronicdeductionmethodstoinvestigatetheoriginof“xuejiu”（ATermin AncientImperialExaminationsReferingtoaTypeofSholar），itwasfoundthatthelexicalizationof“xuejiu”beganwiththedmtionof thephrase“xuexizuanyan（studyingandresearching）”toanounreferingtothimperialexaminationsystem，andlaterextendedtomean “dushuren（sholar）.Higfrequencyclocationhangesinstoricalperods，ndshiftsinpeople’sognitiontesetwootiatios providedsufientconditionsforthelexicalizationof“xuejiu”.Examiningthesemanticevolutionof“xuejiu”fromadiachronicperspctive，underteifuenceofpagaticogitivendinteallingstcfcos，eootatieeaingof“ueju”gaduallsifeddur ingitslexicalization process from originally positive to currently negative.

Keywords：“xuejiu”；lexicalization;semantic extension;connotatior

关于词汇化的讨论最早出现在索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》一书中，书中提到“agglutination”一词，即“黏合”，认为“黏合是指两个或者几个原来分开的，但常在句子内部的句段里相遇的要素，互相融合成为一个绝对的或者难于分析的单位”1]，但并没有明确使用“词汇化”这个术语。（剩余5707字）