取样后动物胚胎的冷冻保存技术研究进展

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中图分类号：S814 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2025）10-4796-11

Abstract：Post-sampling embryo cryopreservation technology is a critical component of preimplantation genetic testing （PGT），holding significant application value in embryo sex selection， genetic screening，genomic selection，and assisted reproduction. However， embryonic sampling procedures may lead to zona pellucida damage，reduced cell count， and epigenetic abnormalities， thereby limiting cryopreservation eficiency. Recent advancements，including optimized sampling methods（e.g.，polar body biopsy，blastomere biopsy，and trophectoderm biopsy），improved culture medium formulations （e.g.，supplementation with L-arginine and glutathione），and refined cryopreservation protocols （e.g.，vitrification techniques）， have markedly enhanced the cryopreservation eficiency of post-sampling embryos. Furthermore， non-invasive techniques （e. g.，analysis of cell-free DNA in embryo culture medium）and epigenetic modifications （e.g.， DNA methylation regulation） offer novel approaches to minimize embryonic damage. This review summarizes the mechanisms of cryopreservation-induced damage in post-sampling embryos and protective strategies，with a focus on cutting-edge advancements in zona pellucida repair，epigenetic regulation，and cryopreservation efficiency. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of existing technologies，this review aims to provide theoretical foundations and technical references for developing safe and efficient cryopreservation protocols，thereby promoting their application and adoption in livestock breeding and assisted reproductive technologies.

Keywords：embryo sampling；PGT；cryopreservation；freezing efficiency ∗ Corresponding author： ZHAO Xueming，E-mail： zhaoxueming@caas. cn

胚胎取样技术在畜牧业和生物技术领域中具有广泛应用，主要用于胚胎性别控制、基因筛查和胚胎基因组选择等[1-2]。（剩余23654字）