厢式垃圾车副车架纵梁疲劳开裂机理与结构优化研究

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中图分类号：U469.4 收稿日期：2026-01-07 DOI：10.19999/j.cnki.1004-0226.2026.04.007

Research on Fatigue Crack Mechanism and Structure Optimization of Sub-frame Longitudinal Beam of Van Garbage Truck

Xiao Haiqing Liu Haocheng Zeng Haijun Chen Cheng Tao Xiangting CRRC Electric Vehicle Co.，Ltd.，Zhuzhou 412007，China

Abstract：Duringtheoperationofan18tvangarbage truck，thesub-framelongitudinalbeamfatiguecrackappeared.Toexplore thefailurecause，thecrackgenerationandexpansionmechanismwasstudiedbycomprehensivelyusing fractureanalysis，finiteelementsimulatioandfatiguelifepredictionmethds.Itisfoundthatincompleteweldingofthethirdcrossbeamweldmentandthelongitudinalbeamofthesub-frameresultsinsigificantstressconcentrationefect，whichcausesfatiguecackgenerationandexpansionundertheactionofcyclicload.Basedonthis，acollaborativeotimzationschemeofstructure-processisproposedimprovingtheforce flowtransmissonpaththroughthebeamlengtheningdesignandtheprocessholearrngement，ndrealizingthereasonablereconstructionofthestressdisributionbytheoptimizationofweldingsequenceandlocalstrengtheningdesign.Thesimulationresultsshowthat the maximum stress drop of the optimized structure is up to 50% ，and the fatigue life is increased to 4.7 times of the original one.The proposedchemeprovides theoreticalbasisandengineeringpracticereferenceforfatigueresistancedesignofkeybearingstructureof special purpose vehicle.

Key words：Van garbage truck;Sub-frame;Fatigue cracking;Structural optimization; Welding technology

1前言

厢式垃圾车作为城市固废收运体系的核心装备，其副车架结构承载着举升、运输等多重动态载荷，其疲劳可靠性直接关系到车辆服役安全与运营经济性。（剩余2943字）