云冈石窟第3窟主室外窟龛的调查研究

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中图分类号：K879.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2025）04-0046-11

Investigation and Research of the Caves and Niches outside the Main Chamber of Cave 3 at the Yungang Grottoes

WU Jiao12 （1.Department ofArchaeologyand Museology，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 3oo36， Shanxi; 2. Yungang Research Academy，Datong O37007，Shanxi）

Abstract：Cave3isthelargestcaveoftheYungangGrottoes，andisanunfinishedone.NonicheswereeverconstructedinsidethecaveduringtheNorthernWeidynasty，utatotalof13werebuiltjustoutside.Locatedatahigherpositionontheclfat Yungang，thesecaveshave hasnotreceivedmuch scholarlyattention from either domesticorforeignresearchers untilrecently. In 2022，aconservationproject wasimplementedforthecavewhichgaveusthe perfect opportunitytoconductacomprehensive archaeologicalsurveyofthe13cavesand nichesoutsidecave3.Theresultsof hissurveyshowthat theconstructionperiods of thesecavesandnichescanbedividedintothreegroupsacording totheirlocation，layout，styleandthemes.Thisinvestigation notonlyprovidesarchaeologicalmaterialsforthestudyoftheoriginalconstructionplanofcave3，butalsodiscoveredseveral newtypesofcaves andanewlayoutof statues inthecaves，bothof whichareuniquein thelateperiodofconstruction at the YungangGrotoes.Inadition，thisstudyprovidesnewmaterialsforunderstandingthethematicexchangeandinfluenceatexisted between the caves in Pingcheng and Luoyang during the late Northern Wei dynasty.

Keywords：Yungang Grottoes;cave3;caves and niches outside the main chamber

第3窟位于云冈石窟东部窟区，该窟属于云冈石窟中期较晚的洞窟，是云冈石窟体量最大的洞窟，但未完工，过往学者多将其归因于都城的变迁[1]。（剩余8308字）