边沁的幽灵：相关性排除规则与功利主义证据法理想的张力

【中图分类号】D924 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-7009（2025）06-0088-09

Abstract：Bentham’sutilitarianidealforevidence law，rooted in“naturalrationality”advocates forunrestrictedevidence admission and cognitive freedom，aiming to maximize truth discovery and net happiness increment through“panoptic” procedural mechanisms.However，modern evidence law constructs a“controled truth domain” via relevance exclusion rules，systematically subverting Bentham’s visionunder the guiseof preventing cognitive bias andupholding institutional credibility.This tension fundamentallyreflects theconflictbetween“individual felicificcalculus”and“collectiverational defense，”thepursuit ofsubstantivejustice versus institutionalcostcontrol，andthepower strugle between thecognitive hegemony of thelegal professionandpublic rational autonomy.Byreconstructing adynamic cognitive integration model， this paper proposes a hierarchical evidentiary evaluation systemand algorithm-assisted probative force gradient assessment mechanisms tobalancetechnologicalrationalitywiththe naturalistic traditionofproof inthedigitalage.The studyreveals that the modernitycrisis in evidencelaw stemsfrom the alienation ofcognitive justice，andonly by returning to Bentham' s cognitive ethical premises cana dialogic pathway between institutionalrationalityand empiricalrationalityberestored.

Key words：Bentham； utilitarianism；relevance exclusion rules； cognitive justice；evidentiary paradigm

一、引言

在当代的证据法学理论架构中，杰里米·边沁（JeremyBentham，1748—1832）的功利主义思想就像是一个永不停息的幽灵，既萦绕于制度建构的底层逻辑，又徘徊在司法实践的裂隙之间。（剩余14556字）