玛莎·努斯鲍姆动物正义论及其对生态批评的启示

【中图分类号】I0-05 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-7009（2025）06-0061-07

Abstract：Martha Nussbaum，an American ethicist，advocates animal competence theory，emphasizing the perceptual abilityofanimalsandtheirefforts toachievea“flourishinglife”，and proposesanimaljustice theorybasedonthis.Hertheo ryof justiceextends the ethical subject from humans to sentient non-human animals，emphasizes the colective responsibility of humans in ensuring the“flourishing life”of animals，communicates the emotional relationship between humans andanimals，andenriches the theoryof ecological justice. In the waveof ecocriticism，“animals”isa keyword.Martha Nubaum’sanimal justice theoryfocuses onanimals that have perceptual abilities and put efort into typical lifestyles， shiftingthe perspectivefromthelivingconditions of animalstothe living conditions，andhighlighting theprosperityand typicalityof animal ife.Basedon theemotionalconnection between humans and animals，Nussbaum providesanewtheoretical paradigm for the study of animal issues in ecocriticism.

Key words：Martha Nussbaum;animal ability；animal justice；ecocriticism

“正义论”自美国哲学家约翰·罗尔斯（JohnBordleyRawls）在20世纪70年代初提出以来，就受到生态批评理论家们的持续关注。（剩余11707字）