小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游冲刷发展规律
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中图分类号：TV62；TV882.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.08.014引用格式：，等.小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游冲刷发展规律[J].人民黄河，2025，47（8）：83-89.
River Sediment Erosion Rules in the Lower Yellow River Since the Operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir
ZHANG Min1， ZHANG Chunjin'，MA Dongfang1，LI Xianxin²，QI Daokun³， SUN Zanying' （1.YellwRiverIstituteofHydraulicResearch，YCC，Zhengzou45O3，China;2.StateGridEconomicandTechnologicalearch InstituteCo.，Ltd.，Beijing1022O9，China；3.Economicand TechnologicalResearch InstituteofStateGridHenan ElectricPower Company，Zhengzhou 450052，China）
Abstract：Afterperatfserpodgddimeteetioitilluetsreaeraeltoodddut down，andevencangeteiverpate，hichillaveacertainimpactotesafetyofater-relatedprjetsndertomastules ofriversedimenterosiodowsramteesei，asdoteaterndsdmntsellro-setioalbseatiodatasetheap plicationoftheXiaolangdiReservoirforsedimentcontrol，tispaperanalyzdthecumulativesouringvolue，averagescouingdepththe maximumwaterepthdtmopologcalangoflogiialadossectioalsectiosoftelowerachoftded theinfluenceofwaterandsedimentandboundaryconditionsonscouringeficiency.TheresultsshowthatfromOctober1999toOctober 2022，the downstream river channel has accumulated a total of 2.276 billion m3 of erosion，showing the characteristics of“more erosion at the upper and less at the lower and uneven distribution along the course”. Among them， 70% occurs above Gaocun and 30% below Gaocun. The lngitudinalgradintofteiveraelicreassinepdloerstos，ileiteceassintedlesioaingt tirelongitudinalprofiloeconcave.TeiverchaelhasudergonesignificantwidenngnddowardutingTeincreaseinierith islargeratteodsalattottilicreainwatedepthissalatteodlrgeattds coarsened，with the median particle size increasing by 6% to 79 % ，and the scouring eficiency of the river channel has significantly decreased.Thechannelerosioneficiencybelowthereservoiriscloselyrelatedtotheaveragefloodfowandthecumulativeerosionvolumein thepreceding period.When theaccumulative erosionvolume above Huayuankoureach reaches O.6biliontandthedischarge is 2 000m3/s ！ the future erosion efficiency will be reduced to -2.9kg/m3
Key Words：river channel erosion；erosion eficiency；Xiaolangdi Reservoir;lower Yellow River
0 引言
大坝或水库修建后在一定程度上改变了其下游河道的水文泥沙过程，会引起河道冲淤规律的变化，引起河势甚至河型的转变，例如我国的三峡水库[1-5]、丹江口水库[6]、三门峡水库[7-9]，国外的尼罗河阿斯旺大坝[0]等。（剩余11061字）