应用环境DNA技术监测水体生态的研究进展

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中图分类号：X835 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004—6755（2025）10—0045—0

Abstract：To systematically review the development status，application value，and existing challenges of environmental DNA（eDNA） technology in the field of aquatic ecological monitoring，this paper outlines its technical principles and standardized workflows. It focuses on the advances in applying this technology to monitor aquatic biodiversity，analyzing its strengths and limitations in fish population surveys and plankton diversity sudies. The study also highlights persistent challenges，such as the incompleteness of reference databases，the lack of standardized protocols，and limited applicability in complex habitats. Future eforts should prioritize establishing standardized methodologies，improving genetic databases，and expanding the use of eDNA technology in diverse and dynamic environments to enhance the accuracy and comprehensiveness of aquatic ecosystem assessments.

Key words：environmental DNA technology;aquatic ecology;biological monitoring；biodiversity

水体生态系统是地球生物圈的关键组成，具有调节气候、净化水质等功能，却因气候变化和污染、过度捕捞等人类活动，面临生物多样性下降、生态结构失衡等威胁。（剩余3681字）