基于50K液相芯片的中国绵羊群体遗传结构与羊毛性状选择信号分析

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中图分类号：S826.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2025）07-3164-13

Abstract：This study aimed to reveal the genetic structural characteristics of sheep populations with different wool types and screen candidate genes related to wool traits through selection signatures analysis. The sheep populations were divided into two groups based on different wool types，including 59 fine wool sheep and 48 coarse wool sheep. Genotyping of 8 sheep populations （15 Oula sheep，13 Tashkurgan sheep，15 Altay sheep，16 Zangxi sheep，12 Qinghai woolmutton type sheep，10 Gansu Alpine Merino，15 Chinese Merino，11 Aohan Merino）was performed using a self-developed ovine SNP 5OK liquid chip， followed by principal component analysis， neighbor-joining tree，and population genetic structure analysis after quality control. Candidate genes associated with wool trait were screened based on two selection signal methods： population genetic differentiation index （ FST ）and nucleotide diversity ratio（ θπ ratio）.The functions of the candidate genes were determined through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The results of principal component analysis， neighbor-joining tree， and population genetic structure analysis indicated the presence of genetic differentiation between the two groups of sheep populations. Based on the combined analysis of FST and θπ ratio，the top 1% regions were identified as selected regions，l65 selected regions and 456 selected genes were identified. Several selected genes were identified that are closely associated with hair follicle development and hair growth（JAK2， SELENBP1），melanin synthesis （IRF4），the indirect regulation of dermal papilla cells （RAC2），and a key housekeeping gene in skin molecular biology （SDHA） through gene annotation. This study explored the genetic structure of 8 Chinese sheep populations with clear population differentiation between fine-wool and coarse-wool sheep groups. Selection signature analysis identified candidate genes associated with wool trait，such as JAK2 ，IRF4， RAC2，IDUA，SDHA and SELENBP1. This study will provide a reference for the molecular genetic marker discovery of wool trait in sheep.

Keywords： sheep；SNP chip;population genetic structure;selection signatures ∗ Corresponding author： ZHAO Qianjun，E-mail ： zhaoqianjun@caas. cn

绵羊作为最早的驯化家畜之一[1]，为人类提供羊毛、羊奶和肉类等多种产品。（剩余20506字）