马鹿放牧对宁夏长期封育草地多功能性的影响

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关键词：放牧；长期封育草地;草地植物群落结构;草地植物群落多样性；生态系统多功能性中图分类号：S812；Q948 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2026）04-1443-15

Abstract：Exploring the effects of grazing on ecosystem multifunctionality（EMF）in long-term enclosed grasslands is of great significance for sustainable grassand management. A 4-year grazing experiment with four intensities （control，light，moderate，and heavy）using Ceruus elaphus kansuensis was conducted in the long-term enclosed grassands of Yunwushan，Ningxia.Plant traits，species diversity，functional diversity andl grassland functional indicators were measured，and correlation analysis，linear regresson and random forest models were employed to investigate the impacts of grazing intensity on grassland EMF.Results showed that compared with heavy grazing，moderate grazing（light and moderate intensities） significantly increased the coverage and density of gramineous and leguminous plants，as wellas leaf nitrogen content， Shannon-Wiener index，species richness，Pielou evennessindex，functional divergence index，soil total phosphorus content and EMF. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between EMF and community coverage，density，leaf carbon and nitrogen contents，and multiple diversity indices. Grazing intensity，community structural characteristics，leaf functional traits and species diversity indices were confirmed as important predictors of EMF.In con clusion，EMF in long-term enclosed grasslands is significantly enhanced by moderate grazing through the improvement ofcommunity structure，optimization of leaf functional traits and promotion of community species diversity.

Key words：Grazing;Long-term enclosed grassand ; Grassland plant community structure; Grassland plant com munity diversity;Ecosystem multifunctionality

草地作为我国干旱半干旱区重要的绿色生态屏障和畜牧业生产基地，对维护生态平衡和推动草地畜牧业发展意义重大[1-2]。（剩余22863字）