44份中亚引进高梁种质资源表型多样性分析

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中图分类号：S514;S324 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2026）04-1252-10

Abstract：The identification and characterization of phenotypic traits are the foundation for understanding crop germplasm resources for breeding new cultivars. The sorghum germplasm from Central Asia demonstrated unique genotypes. It is of great significance to fully understand these materials for sorghum breeding in China. This study focused on 44 sorghum germplasm resources introduced from Central Asia. Precise characterization of phenotypic traits was systematically conducted，combined with multivariate statistical methods （including cor relation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis）for systematic evaluation.Data analysis revealed that the tested accessions exhibited high heterogeneity at the phenotypic level，possessed diverse genetic backgrounds，and demonstrated complex interelationships among traits. Cluster analysis grouped the

44 sorghum accessions into five clusters.Based on different breeding objectives，suitable germplasm resources can be selected.Principal component analysis （PCA）and comprehensive evaluation were performed on the sor ghum resources.Based on F-values，the top1O accessions with the best overallperformance were identified. Among them，7 germplasm materials belonged to Cluster II，and their phenotypic characteristics were significantly superior to that of the other clusters （e.g.，with mean plant height reaching 286.33cm and panicle weight at 102.50g . They showed particularly outstanding performance in stalk lodging resistance and grain yield potential，making them valuable core parental materials for germplasm innovation and the development of hybrid combinations. This study analyzed the phenotypic diversity of sorghum germplasm resources and classified them based on similar phenotypes.This study provides a theoretical foundation for sorghum cultivation in semi-arid and arid regions，and also lays a foundation for the eficient utilization of sorghum germplasm resources and the development of new varieties.

Key words：Central Asia;Sorghum ;Germplasmre sources; Phenotypic diversity

高梁（SorghumbicolorL.），别称乌禾，为禾本科高粱属一年生草本植物，已有5000多年的栽培历史，是世界上总产量仅次于小麦、玉米、水稻、大麦的第五大谷类作物1。（剩余14951字）