论中国“社会主义”概念发展的历史图谱

中图分类号：D619 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-1012（2026）01-0033-06

The Evolution of the Concept of “ Socialism” in China： A Historical Genealogy

CHEN Yuan，DAI Yu （School of Marxism，University of South China，Hengyang 421oo1，China）

Abstract：The concept of“socialism”，long positioned in opposition to“capitalism，”has undergone significant evolution in the Chinese context since the New Culture Movement. This evolution has formed a historical genealogy characterized by dynamic semantics， multidimensional content，and shifting paradigms.Key semantic chains include“scientific socialism”，“Marxism-Leninism”，“socialism with Chinese characteristics”，and“socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era”. The conceptual framework further encompasses chains of affairs—such as the building of political power，economic and social development，and the comprehensive advancement of socialist modernization. Its chain of models includes the“classical Marxist model”，the“Soviet model”，and the“Chinese model".The conceptual delineation of“socialism” not only clarifies misunderstandings about“socialism” and reveals the disjuncture between its name and actual content，but also provides arational response to the profound transformative issues within Chinese society，providing adequate theoretical support for practices such as China’s revolutions，reform and opening-up，and comprehensively deepening reform.

Key words：concept；socialism；Marxism-Leninism；historical genealogy

习近平总书记强调：“要把学习贯彻党的创新理论作为思想武装的重中之重，同学习马克思主义基本原理贯通起来，同学习党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史结合起来。（剩余8544字）