债务人异议之诉的理论基础与程序完善

中图分类号：D925.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-6916（2025）17-0066-04

Theoretical Basis and Procedural Improvement of Debtor' s Objection Action

Chen Liming' Li Meng²

（1.AECCBeijingInstituteofAeronauticalMaterials，Beijing1OO95；2.GuiyangIntermediatePeople’sCourt，Guiyang5000）

Abstract：China’scivilenforcementprocedurelacksefectiverelief mechanisms fordebtors’substantiverights.Throughcomparatie studies，thisstudydmostatesteesitadfeasibilitofstablsingthebto’sjectionacio：curentdyprcssuch asenforcementobjections，retrials，andseparatelawsuitshavefunctionallimitations，whilematurelegislativemodelsfromGeray，apan，andChina’sTiwanregioncansereasrferences.Theresearchclarifies thatsuchlawsuitsareanovelreliefmechanismwithdual functions—invalidatingtheoginalenforcementbasisandstablisingnewsubstantivelegalrelationsipsdistinctfrompeisioto enforceandthird-partyojectionlawsuits.Theproceduralfameworkproposs treekeyrules：intiationulesthatrestrictqualifdartis （debtors/reditorsspecifedineforcementdocumetsandtheisuccesors），specificgrounds（debtextictio/impediments/defeses）， exclusivejurisdictionbynforcementcourts，andtimelimitsduringenforcement；trialrulesrequiredebtorstobeartheburdenofprof， mandateconsolidatioofultiplebectios，andsetshortertrialpridsthanordinaryprocedures；adjudicationulesadoptatwostance system wherein successful claims partiallyor hollyvoid enforcement documents without automaticallysuspending enforcement.

Keywords：debtor’s objection action;substantive rights;enforcement relief

在法律文书生效后，根据作为执行依据的法律文书的特定内容，享有权利而得以向法院申请强制执行的当事人称为执行债权人（以下简称“债权人”），相对应的负有义务的，正在或者将被强制执行的另一方当事人为执行债务人（以下简称“债务人”）。（剩余5456字）