2023年7月23日中卫市冰雹天气成因分析

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关键词：中卫；冰雹；三体散射

中图分类号：P458.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2025）14-0103-04

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2025.14.020

Analysis of the Causes of Hail Weather in Zhongwei City on July 23， 2023

CHEN Xingyi 1，2，3 PANG Tingting1.2.3 YANG Yuan1，2.3 ZHANG Zejin 1，2，3. LI Yijing12.3 （1.KeyLaboratory forMeteorological DisasterMonitoring and Early Warning and Risk Managementof Characteristic Agriculture inArid Regions，CMA，Yinchuan 750O2， China; 2.KeyLaboratoryof Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction of Ningxia，Yinchuan 75oo02， China; 3.Zhongwei Meteorological Bureau，Zhongwei 755000， China）

Abstract： [Purposes]The formation mechanism of hail weather in Zhongwei area was explored to provide a scientific basis for hail weather forecasting and early warning.[Methods] Using conventional surface observations，radardata，sounding data，MICAPS upper-air data and other relevant data to analyze a hail weather occurrd in Zhongwei CityonJuly23，2O23.[Findings] Thehail weather developed under favorable synoptic conditions featuring westerly flow with cold air gradually difusing behind the West Siberian trough. The atmospheric structure showed distinct shear atboth 7OO hPa and 85O hPa levels，accompanied bysurface convergence lines and a forward-tilting vertical structure that strongly supported convective development. Thermodynamicaly，the environment exhibited warm，moist lower levels underlying dry，cold middle levels， with substantial convective available potential energy and strong vertical wind shear through the middlelower troposphere.The melting layer height proved optimal for hail formation. Radar observations revealed multiple characteristic signatures including three-body scattering，echo overhang，a bounded weak echo region in lower levels，distinct inflow notches，and hook echo patterns.The storm's 6O dBZ reflectivity core extended above the -20∘C level，while the velocity field clearly showed low-level convergence coupled with upper-level divergence.[Conclusions] On the afternoon of July 23，the atmospheric structure exhibited a forward-tilting configuration between upper and lower levels，characterized by strong unstable energy with warm conditions below and cold air above.Combined with the presence of wind shear and surface convergence lines，these conditions led to the hail weather event.

Keywords： Zhongwei City; hail; three-body scattering

0 引言

冰雹天气具有局地性强、持续时间短的特征，往往伴随着雷电大风、短时强降水，是一种以机械性伤害为主的灾害性天气[1。（剩余3503字）