论预防性环境民事公益诉讼中“重大风险”的司法认定

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中图分类号：D925.1 文献标识码：A DOI：10.13411/j.cnki. sxsx.2025.04.016

Abstract：Atpresent，thereisnospecificlegislationinChinaregardingthepreventiveenvironmentalcivilpublicinterestitigation system.Te“majorrisks”involvedinthissystemalsolackcleardefinitionsandexplanations，whichhavecausedseriousobstaclestote developmentofisssteIndertoiefullplatoeduevalueoftiitigationsyste，itisessetialtoimprovealfra worksystemforjudicialdeterminationof“majorrisks”assonaspossibleandtoestablishthejudicialdeterminationmethodfor“major risks”.Wendtomakeaforaldeterminatioof thefactsofthecase.Onlycasesthatmettheforalrequrementsareeligibletoenter thesubsequentsubstantivedeterminationstage.Thesetingensures therigorandfaiessoflegalprocedures，avoidingtheucessay consumptionofresources incases tatdootmtthebasicrequirements.Inthesubstantivedeterminationstageelevantparametersare settoforma“majoriskdeterminationbenchmark”，whichelpstounderstandtheconotationof“majorrisk”.Therearetwolevelsto improvethestandardsofprof：easoableallcationofebrdenofproofandjudicialreviewofsientificeviden.Itisarto clearlydefinethdemarcationpointbasedoheplaintif’lawsuit，clarifytheboundariesofadministrativeadjudicialpowrsand make it clear that the court is the leading force in determining“major risks”during the litigation stage.

Keywords：significant risk；adjudication；preventive environmental civil public interest litigatic

环境风险危机的加剧，使预防性环境公益诉讼制度成为各国环境规制制度变革的重要渠道，然而目前在我国该制度没有真正发挥出实际效果。（剩余9703字）