后发企业竞争优势的动态演化逻辑

——基于小牛电动的案例研究

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中图分类号：F273.1 文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-2272.202507039

The Dynamic Evolution Logic of Competitive Advantage of Latecomer Firms ： A Case Study of Niu Technologies

Xu Siyi

（School of Business，Nanjing Audit University，Nanjing 21oo31，China）

Abstract： How latecomer firms evolve competitive advantages through innovation strategies in dynamic environments is an important topic in current management research. This study takes Niutu Electric from 2014 to 2O24 as a case example and adopts an exploratory single-case research method. Based on longitudinal analysis of secondary data such as annual reports，it develops a three-phase dynamic adjustment model of“market environment change-strategic dynamic response.”The findings reveal that the evolution of competitive advantage in latecomer firms exhibits stage-specific characteristics： in the first phase （2014-2015） ，they successfully entered the high-end market through differentiated positioning and breakthroughs in lithium battery technology；in the second phase （2016-2018） ，by deepening smart strategy，they achieved an annual compound growth rate of over 50% in sales；in the third phase （2019-2024） ，under the background of the“New National Standard” policy，user orientation drove renewed significant growth in revenue and sales. The study indicates that acute perception of the dynamic environment and timely strategic adjustments are core mechanisms for latecomer firms to achieve catch-up.This research constructs a strategic framework with theoretical depth and practical relevance for technology catching-up and market breakthroughs of latecomer firms，and provides practical insights for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing enterprises.

Key Words： Latecomer Firms；Dynamic Environment； Innovation Strategy；Niu Technologies； CaseStudy

0 引言

在当今知识经济时代，市场环境瞬息万变，技术创新周期持续缩短，正驱动产业竞争焦点由传统的价格较量转向更高层次的技术博弈[1]。（剩余10646字）