从“廊庙清议”到“国民公器”：梁启超与中国报刊论政观念的现代范式转型

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中图分类号］G219.29 [文献标识码］A [文章编号]1008-1763(2025)06-0170-07

From“Langmiao Qingyi” to “Public Instrument of the Nation” : Liang Qichao and the Modern Paradigm Shift in the Concept of Political Commentaries in Chinese Newspapers

LI Bin,WANG Yujie (College of Journalism and Commmunication,Hunan University,Changsha 41oo82,China)

Abstract:Principled criticisms relied on the Confucian“Dao Tong”to construct the paradigm of political participation,but its institutional dependence and moral speaking characteristics led to the virtual supervision power and superficial political comments. By grafting Rousseau's social contract theory and John Stuart Mil's freedom thought,Liang Qichao reconstructed the constitutional foundation of the supervision power with the“principal-agent”relationship at the legal level,and established the independent status of the press as the national representative. Constructed a thre-dimensional balance system of legislation,judiciary,and public opinion supervision at the institutional level,promoted the shift of political discourses from moral persuasion to institutional criticisms. He created a specialized speech production mechanism of "Five Essences and Eight Virtues"at the practical level,and elevated the mission of knowledge elites to a public responsibility of enlightening the masses. This paradigm revolution with"sound public opinion"as the core not only breaks through the closed nature of Qingyi tradition,but also cultivates public discourse space for modern democratic politics. Liang Qichao's ideological heritage also provides a historical coordinate system for the remodeling of public discourse ethics in the current digital age.

Key words: Liang Qichao;principled criticism;public instrument of the nation;political commentaries in newspapers

一 引言

自东汉以降，中国古代士人群体始终以儒家伦理为价值根基，通过“清议”实践构建起“道统"规训“政统”的政治参与范式。（剩余13292字）