孟子“逆志”说阐微 基于先秦知人传统的考察

中图分类号］B222.5 [文献标识码］A [文章编号]1008-1763（2025）06-0024-06

An In-depth Exploration of Mencius' Doctrine of "Tracing Back to the Writer's Aspiration” -Based on the Tradition of Knowing People in the Pre-Qin Period

LI Qingliang，ZHAN Wentao （Yuelu Academy，Hunan University，Changsha 4loo82，China）

Abstract： Abstract：Mencius’doctrine that“tracing back to the writer’s aspiration according to his words”is not only a method of clasic interpretation，but also a method of knowing people and a way of self-cultivation. Its exact meaning refers to taking the objective will and subjective intention expressed in works as symbols and clues，to deeply recognize the fundamental spirit of the author and to stimulate the reader's own self-understanding and existential awareness.Therefore，this doctrine is neither an objectified psychological analysis nor a speculation of intentions based on the proximity of human feelings，but a mutual cycle between knowing people and self-awareness. It not only requires reverse knowing for tracing back to the source and predicting the future through details，but also empathetic and bidirectional embodied knowing and even “spiritual awakening". In terms of the Chinese tradition of classical hermeneutics， Mencius’doctrine makes a prominent contribution by laying the foundation for basic concepts regarding the purpose and methods of interpretation.

Key words： tradition of knowing people;empathize; embodied knowing;spiritual awakening;tracing back to the writer's aspiration according to his words

孟子的“以意逆志"说（《孟子·万章上》）在我国历史上有着深远影响，但对其确切涵义，古今学者有着不同理解，至今莫衷一是①。（剩余10857字）