大数据时代中国应对欧美滥用替代国制度对策研究

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中图分类号］D996；F741.23 [文献标识码］A [文章编号]1008-1763（2025）06-0132-11

A Study on China's Countermeasures Against the Abuse of the Surrogate Country System by the European Union and the United States in the Big Data Era

ZENG Yanjun （LawSchool，HunanUniversity，Changsha4loo82，China）

Abstract：Following the expiration of Article 15 of The Protocol on China’s Accession to the WTO，the European Union and the United States have persistently abused the analogue country methodology by invoking variants rooted in their domestic laws，such as“market distortion” and“special market situation”，to initiate anti-dumping investigations against China. This practice undermines both Chinese export trade and corporate innovation. Against the backdrop of the big data era，this paper explores technical pathways and strategic frameworks to address this challenge. It analyzes the inconsistency of the EU and the US practices with WTO rules by examining relevant WTO dispute settlement jurisprudence and applying the interpretation rules of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Furthermore，drawing on empirical data and case studies，the paper investigates the application value and implementation pathways of big data in key phases of anti-dumping proceedings， including early warning and evidentiary rebuttals. The abuse of the analogue country system by the EU and the US not only violates relevant international rules but also suppresses China's industrial upgrading through the selection of high-cost analoguecountries and maintaining high affirmative determination rates. The establishment of a national-level“Big Data Center for Anti-Dumping” and other proposed measures can effectively enhance China’s response efficiency and its discursive power in international negotiations. This study provides data-driven practical and theoretical insights for China to safeguard its trade rights and interests and to promote the fair application of global anti-dumping rules.

Key words： big data;analogue country;anti-dumping against China;non-market economy status

一 引言

在大数据技术重塑全球贸易治理方式的当下，2025年中美“关税战"步入深度博弈阶段，叠加全球经济复苏乏力、地缘政治冲突加剧的复杂背景，欧美对华滥用替代国制度的问题已不仅是贸易救济领域的技术争议，更成为影响中国出口贸易安全与产业升级进程的核心议题。（剩余18357字）