短距离速度滑冰运动员起跑关键身体姿态特征研究

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中图分类号：G862.1/G804.62 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-3488（2025）03-0001-06

Study onKey Body Posture Characteristics of Start in Short Distance Speed Skaters FANG Yingjie1，YANLi²，ZHANGXuelian³，WANGJinguo4，HUANG Yu4

（1.SchoolofPhysicalEducation，HarbinSport UniversityHarbin50oo8，China;2.InstituteofSportsScience， HarbinSportUniversityHarbin15oo08，China;3.SchoolofSportsHumanitiesandSociology，Harbinport University，Harbin5oo08，China;4.SchoolofWinterOlympics，HarbinSportUniversityHarbin5oo08，China） Abstract：With thecontinuous improvement of theoverallcompetitive level of speed skating in the world，the startingabilityof skaters atthebeginningofacompetition often becomes the keyto victory.This study uses experimental testing anddataanalysis methods to investigatethekeybodyposturecharacteristicsofthe startof13 shortdistance speed skaters，aiming toidentifythekey factorsofbodyposturethataffecttheeffectiveness of the start.Theresultsshow that thestride length in thereadyposture，the kneeangleofthe leftleg，andtheposterior stabilityanglearekey factorsaffctingtheskaters’starting speed;appropriatelyincreasing theposteriorstability angle，kneeanglesofbothlegs，andstride length helpsimprove thestarting speed.Inthestartingandsprnting stages，appropriatelyreducing theicecontactangleand pushingangleofeachstep，and increasing the trunk angle andtherangeofchange inthehipangleatthemomentoficeoff，helps improvetheeffectivenessofthestart.Itis recommendedtoappropriatelyreducethe trunk angle，increasethestridelength，therangeofforwardbodycenter

ofgravity shift，and kneeanglein trainingto better control starting stability;strengthen the control of lowerlimb jointangles，minimize the icecontactangle to avoid the buffering effect，and minimize the pushing angle to enhance the effective pushing force;and strengthen the“rigid support”role of theankles and explosive force training for the left legof speed skaters.

Keywords：speed skating;short distance; start;body posture;athletic performance

1研究背景与目的

速度滑冰是冰雪运动中最具代表性且历史悠久的项目，在冬奥会历史发展进程中一直占据极为重要的地位，可与夏奥会的大项田径、游泳等相提并论。（剩余7769字）