冠状病毒S蛋白的结构和功能研究进展

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中图分类号：S852.659.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2025）09-4241-12

Structure and Function of Coronavirus S Proteins

LI Mengfan1 ，LI Qingyang1 ， SONG Yanwen1 ， SONG Zhenhui1’²， ZHANG Xingcui1 *（1. College of Veterinary Medicine， Southwest University， Chongqing 40246o， China;2. Immunology Research Center， Institute of Medical Research ， Southwest University ，Chongqing 402460，China）

Abstract： The coronavirus （CoV） is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a lipid envelope，which is an important pathogenic agent of humans and animals. CoV infections mainly cause acute or chronic symptoms of respiratory system，liver， stomach and intestines，and nervous system of host. CoV mainly infects humans and a variety of animals，seriously endangering human health and the development of animal husbandry. Most of the spike（S） protein of CoV is composed of the Sl and S2 subunits，which are responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion during the virus's infection of cels，respectively. It plays an important role in the virus's tissue or host tropism and virulence，and is a key protein for CoV to infect cells. This review focuses on the structure and function of the S protein of CoV，with the aim of providing a reference for exploring the invasion mechanism of CoV.

Keywords：coronaviruses;spike protein;structure;function ∗ Corresponding author： ZHANG Xingcui， E-mail： zhangxc923@163.com

1冠状病毒简述

冠状病毒（coronaviruses，CoV）属于Nidovirales目，Coronaviridae 科，Coronavirus属，是自然界中较为常见的正义单链RNA病毒。（剩余24800字）