SNP芯片技术原理及其在鸡遗传育种中的应用

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中图分类号：S831.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2025）09-4165-11

The Principle of SNP Chip Technology and Its Application in Chicken Genetic Breeding

WANG Youdong1，2，3，CAO Zhiping1，2，3，LI Yumao1，2，3，LUAN Peng1，23，LI Hui1，2，3，BA Xue1，2.3 （1. College of Animal Science and Technology ，Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin ， China; 2. Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Harbin 15003o，China ; 3. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics，Breeding and Reproduction in Heilongjiang Province Colleges and Universities， Harbin 15oo30， China）

Abstract： Single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） chips，as highly eficient genotyping tools， offer advantages such as high genotyping accuracy， fast detection speed， simple analysis workflows，and low detection costs. These chips have been widely applied in molecular genetics research and genomic breeding. Particularly in avian genetic breeding， the application of SNP chip technology has significantly enhanced breeding efficiency and accuracy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of SNP chip technology，focusing on the two major categories： solid-phase chips and liquid-phase chips. The technical principles and unique advantages of each category are thoroughly explored. Additionally， the article summarizes the latest research advancements of SNP chip technology in chicken genetic breeding，detailing its applications and contributions in commercial breeding，identification of important economic trait loci，disease resistance breeding，breed identification，and germplasm resource protection. The findings indicate that SNP chip technology has played a crucial role in promoting genetic improvement in chickens and has provided a powerful tool for the protection of breed diversity. Looking ahead， with further technological advancements， the potential applications of SNP chips in chicken genetic breeding are expected to be even more extensive.

Keywords： chicken；SNP;solid-phase chips;liquid-phase chips；breeding ∗ Corresponding author：BAI Xue，E-mail：xuebai@neau.edu.cn

单核苷酸多态性（singlenucleotidepolymorphism，SNP）是指在基因组水平上由单个核昔酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性，包括碱基的转换、颠换、插入和缺失，在群体中的发生频率不小于 1%[1] 。（剩余23170字）