薄荷醇药理学研究进展

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中图分类号R961.1 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）16-0082-07

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.16.018

AbstractPeppermint is an important medicinal and economic crop with high value-added potential in deep processing.Menthol，its primary volatile component，possesss various biological activities.The research progressof menthol onthepharmacology，including pharmacokinetics，pharmacodynamics，pharmaceuticsandtoxicologywere reviewed based onrelevant literature.In terms of pharmacokinetics，theareaunder the curve （AUC）of menthol is relatively low，and the mean residence time（MRT） and elimination half-life（（ 11/2 ）areshort，indicating that itis metabolizedrapidlyinthebody.Intermsofpharmacodynamics，itexertsantibacterial efects byinfluencing thecontents of phosphatidylcholineand othercomponents inbacterialcellmembranes;ithas certainantiviral effectsand enhances the immune system;itinfluences theformationoffungal biofilmsand has good inhibitory efectson fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum canis; it reduces the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines （TNF- α ， IL-6 and IL-1β） incellsand increases theactivityof antioxidant enzymessuchassuperoxidedismutase （SOD），exertingantiinflammatoryefects;itpromotesapoptosisofcancercelsand inhibitstheirproliferationand migration；it exerts analgesic effects by regulating calcium （ Ca2+ ）and sodium （Na+） ）channels in nerve cells; and it has other pharmacological activitiesincludingantiparasitic，antioxidantandneuroregulatoryeffects.Inpharmaceutics，menthol，asanefficient penetrationenhancer，enhances the transportcapacityof the blood-brain barrier，lymphaticpermeability，intestinal epithelialbarierandskinpermeabilitybarrierbydown-regulatingthelevelsof tight junctionproteins （ZO-1，Ocludin， Claudin- ⅁ ）. In toxicology，the median lethal dose （LD50 ）of this substance in rats and mice is higher than 4000mg/kg indicating highsafety;however，long term excesive usemay cause adverse reactions such asreducing the tensionof the esophageal，esophagealand gastricsphincters.Thisarticle provides areferenceforthefurther promotionandapplication of menthol.

Keywordsmenthol;biological activity;antioxidant; neuroregulation

薄荷为唇形科多年生草本植物，具有较高的经济价值，在安徽等地区均有种植，其产业发展对促进区域农业经济增长等具有重要意义。（剩余15647字）