静水环境中不同泄漏条件下水下溢油扩散实验研究

打开文本图片集

中图分类号：X55；X832；P71 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1005—9857（2025）08—0084—10

Experimental Study on the Diffusion of Underwater Oil Spills Under Different Release Conditions in Static Water Environment

DAI Jiarui1²，LIAO Guoxiang1³，LI Xin1²，LI Shifei1³，LI Xishan²， WANG Ruirui1³， XIONG Deqi²

（1.NationalMarineEnvironmentalMonitoringCenter，Dalian6o23，China；2.Environmental ScienceandEngineering College，DalianMaritime University，Dalian116026，China; 3.KeyLaboratory of Coastal Ecosystem ofMinistryofEcologyand Environment，Dalian 116023，China）

Abstract：Based on a self-made small-scale vertical water tank with dimensions of 0.5m×0.5m×1.0 m （le 1gth×width×depth ），this article conducts physical simulation experiments on underwater oil spills using DAS BLEND crude oil as thesimulated pollutant.This study examines the effects of release conditions，including three types of spill orifice diameters（1.0，1.5，and 2.0mm ）and four initial injection velocities（characterized by the pump's revolutionsper minute，at40，60，80，and 100r/min ），on the transport and diffusion of underwater oil spills. The indicators for assessment include the diffusion range，particle quantity distribution，particle size distribution， cumulative volume distribution，and median particle size of oil droplets.The experimental results show that，in the static waterenvironment，theunderwateroilspillprimarily transportsanddiffusesalong theverticalcenterlineof the orifice to the water surface.The diffusion range of oil droplets decreases with the increase in orifice diameter; thequantityofoil droplets decreases with the increase inorificediameter but increases withthe increase in injection velocity.The particle size distributionofoil droplets generally follows anormaldistribution，witha largerorifice diameterleadingtoabroaderrangeofoildropletsizes.The medianparticlesizeofoil droplets becomessmaleras the injectionvelocity increases.The findings of this studycanprovideauseful reference for the improvementof related physical experiments and numerical models in the future.

Keywords：Underwateroil spil，Diffusionrange，Oildropletquantitydistribution，Oildropletsizedistribution

0 引言

在海洋油气资源勘探开发过程中，海底管道泄漏和钻井井喷等突发性水下溢油事故（如2010年墨西哥湾“深水地平线”溢油事故、2011年“蓬莱19-3”溢油事故等）通常会对海洋生态环境造成巨大损害。（剩余7431字）