植物多糖降血糖机制的研究进展

中图分类号TS201.4 文献标志码A 文章编号 1007-7731(2026)05-0104-05

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.024

Research progress on the hypoglycemic mechanism of plant polysaccharides

Wang Bo Zhang YueLyu DantongHan MeilingWang SongranWang Wanqiu Chen Wei (College of Science,Beihua University,Jilin132O13,China）

AbstractThis article systematically reviewed the hypoglycemic activity mechanism of plant polysaccharides from the perspective of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis,hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.In terms of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis,polysaccharides such as thosefrom Tremella aurantialba and dark tea were found to fectively inhibit the activities of intestinal α- amylaseand α -glucosidase,thereby delaying starch decomposition and glucose absorption and reducing postprandial blood glucose.Regarding liver metabolism regulation,polysaccharides were demonstrated to function bidirectionall:onone hand,they regulated keyenzymes involved in glucose metabolism,such asbyactivating glucokinaseandinhibiting gluconeogenic enzymes，promoting glucoseutilizationand glycogen synthesis;ontheother hand,theyactivated insulin signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK）pathways,enhancing glucoseuptake by hepatocytes and improving insulin resistance.In theregulation of lipid metabolism，glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and apple pomace polysaccharide have been shown to significantly improve lipidabnormalities associatdwithdiabetes,lowering levelsof totalcholesterolandtriglycerides.Thisaleviationof lipotoxicityindirectly improved insulin sensitivityand bloodglucosecontrol.Anti-inflammatoryandantioxidant efects were identified as importantauxiliarypathways through which polysaccharidesexert their functions,whichcan reduce inflammation mediated insulinresistance by downregulating the levelsof inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α ， inhibiting chronic inflammatoryresponses； simultaneously enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,clearing freeradicals,，and reducing oxidative stressdamage to pancreatic beta cells. Furthermore,plant polysaccharidescan also synergisticall exert hypoglycemic efects by regulating the neuroendocrine axisand inhibiting the expressionof intestinal glucose transporter genes.This paper providesareference for the exploration of hypoglycemic active substances from plant resources.

Keywords plant polysaccharides;hypoglycemic;insulin resistance; plant resources

糖尿病(DM)是由胰岛素分泌不足或外周组织无法有效利用胰岛素引起的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪代谢紊乱，临床表现为多饮、多食和体重减轻等，影响患者的生活质量]。（剩余10054字）