桑黄主要活性成分的药理作用及提取方法研究进展

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关键词桑黄；多糖；多酚；萜类；药理作用；提取分离

中图分类号R284.2； 文献标志码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2026）05-0095-05

DOI号10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.022

Research progresson pharmacological effectsand extractionmethodsof main active components in Sanghuang

Li MeilinYang Xingtao Ma Ming Liao PingWang Minghong （Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization，Hubei Minzu University， Enshi445000，China）

AbstractSanghuang is a traditional medicinal fungus，mainly including 4common species： Sanghuangporus sanghuang，Sanghuangporus vaninii，anghuangporus baumiiand Inonotushispidus.Toclarifythediferences inhir main active components and the adaptabilityof their extraction processes，this study systematicallreviews the pharmacological effectsof the3 mainactive components （polysaccharides，polyphenolsand terpenoids）and the characteristics of their corresponding extraction processs.The results showed that Sanghuang polysaccharides exhibited significantantioxidant，anti-tumor，anti-inflammatory，hypoglycemicandimmunomodulatoryactivities；Sanghuang polyphenols mainlydisplayedantioxidant，anti-tumor and hypoglycemic efects，among which thepolyphenols from Sanghuangporusbaumii had potential valuefordietary intervention in type2diabetes; Sanghuang terpenoids focusedon antioxidant andanti-tumor efects.Interms of extraction processes，the ultrasonic-hot watersynergistic method and enzymatic methodachieved relatively high yields （1.3%-5.5%）in polysaccharide extractionand were suitable forthe preparation of high-purity polysaccharides; as an emerging green technology，thedeep eutectic solvent （DES） method for polyphenol extractionobtainedanextractionrate1.5-1.9 times thatof traditional methods;theultrasonic-ethanol method and in-situ extraction fermentation method （with a yield of 14-19 g/L ） showed strong applicability in terpenoid extraction.Inconclusion，this studyclarifiedthecharacteristics ofactivecomponentsandtheadaptabilityof extraction processes among diffrent Sanghuang species，sorted out the features and application scenarios of various extraction methods，and provided references for the efficient development and utilization of Sanghuang resources.

KeywordsSanghuang; polysaccharides; polyphenols;terpenoids;pharmacological effects;extractionand isolation

桑黄为传统药用真菌，隶属于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、伞菌纲（Agaricomycetes）、锈革菌目（Hymenochaetales）锈革菌科（Hymenochaetaceae）桑黄孔菌属（Sanghuangporus）及纤孔菌属（Inonotus ）[1-2]。（剩余10621字）