黑龙江杓兰属植物表型特征及系统发育分析

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中图分类号：S685.11 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-2006（2026）02-0085-11

Abstract：【Objective】Thisstudyaimsto clarify thephylogeneticrelationshipsand taxonomicboundariesof Cypripedium in Heilongjiang Province，where the genus exhibits extensivephenotypicvariation，ambiguousspecies delimitation，and complex phylogenetic patterns.【Method】A totalof 13 natural populations collected from theregion were usedastheresearch material，wemeasured18phenotypic traitsacross these13populationsand performed phenotypic diversityand clusteranalyses.Furthermore，wesequenced，asembledandannotated thenrITS regionand threechloroplastDNAfragments（trnH—psbA，trnL—F，andrbcL）.Nucleotidepolymorphismwasstatistically analyzed，and phylogenetictrees were reconstructedusing software packages DnaSP，PhyloSuite andFigTree， incorporating relevant sequences from the NCBI public database.【Result】Staminode characteristics（presence of mottling and size）serve as key traits for field identification of C .species in Heilongjiang Province.C. × ventricosum exhibitssignificant heterosis，with leaf size，plant heightandstem diameteratground levelprovidingreliable morphological markers foritsclasification.Integratedphenotypicand phylogeneticanalysesconsistentlydemonstrated that：the white-and pink-flowered formsof C .macranthos constitute the same species； C .calceolus and C .shanxiense likelyrepresent sister lineages derived from thesame maternal ancestor;populations DB1，DB2and DB5 of C.× （202 ventricosum form a distinct clade potentially originating from c . calceolus as the maternal parent，while populations DB3， DB4，DB6，DB7 and DB8 cluster in another clade likely descended from C . macranthos，with population DB6 showing evidenceof possible backcrossing with C.macranthos；C.gutatumremainsphylogenetically distant from allother studiedspecies.【Conclusion】Inferring geneticrelationshipsinCypripedium，particularlyfor hybrid taxa，cannotrely solelyona single phenotypic trait or single DNA marker.A comprehensive approach integrating phenotypic data with bothchloroplastandnuclear DNA sequences isesential foraccuratelyelucidating phylogeneticrelationshipsand taxonomic boundaries.

Keywords：Cypripediumplants；phenotypic characteristics；phylogeneticrelationship；plant taxonomy；chloroplast genes

杓兰属（Cypripedium）是兰科杓兰亚科中进化程度较高、地理分布较复杂的一个属[1]。（剩余16954字）