‘丹霞’苹果优质丰产适宜栽培模式研究

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中图分类号：S661.1 文献标识码：A

Research on The Optimal Cultivation Model for High Quality and High Yield of‘Danxia’ Apple

XU Haihong，TIAN Ge，YANG Kai，SUN Junjie，WU Xiaoxuan (Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University， Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology，Taiyuan Shanxi O3o031，China)

Abstract:【Objective】This studyaimed to investigate the effectsof diffrentrootstocks (standard/dwarf)and within-row spacing configurationsonthetree growth，photosyntheticcharacteristics，fruit quality，andyieldof‘Danxia’apple，toprovide atheoreticalbasisforitseficientandintensivecultivation.【Methods】Thetestmaterialsconsistedof‘Danxia’graftedonto therootstock Malus robusta（Rehd.）and‘Danxia’grafted onto the dwarfing interstock SH38.Three planting spacing patterns were established:three within-row spacings （ (1.0m ，1.5m， 2.0m ） × a fixed between-row spacing (4.0m) .Thephotosyntheticparameters，fruit quality，texture，and yieldof trees of diferent ages were measuredand aalyzed.【Results】 Compared with the standard rootstock，the net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) of‘Danxia’saplings with SH semi-dwarf interstem was significantly reduced. However，as the trees grew older，the Pn value showed greater stability. Then SH semi-dwarf interstem notonlysignificantlyincreased wateruse eficiency(WUE)，but also significantly improved fruitquality，which was manifested inicreasedfruitfirmness，solublesolids，andtotalsugarcontent，swellasoptimizedfruitskintextureandflesh fineness，andadvanced maturityby1Oto15days.The plant spacing experiment showedthatastheplantdistanceincreased, the Pn value tended to rise. However，the dense planting treatment （plant distance of 1.0m ）significantly promoted early floweringof‘Danxia’applesand increasedthe total numberoflong andshort branches，greatlyincreasing the yield per 667m2 ，andthefruit quality had the highest comprehensiveevaluation score.Acomprehensive analysisof yield and quality found that the 1.0m plant distance treatment with semi-dwarf rootstock performed the best,and can achieve high yield in the second year，with a fruiting rate of 80.49% ，equivalent to a yield of 207.89kgper 667m2 .【Conclusion】Utilizing SH series dwarfing interstock with a 1.0m×4.0 m planting patern can synergistically improve the growth and fruit development of‘Danxia’ apple trees, enabling earlyfruiting，high quality，and high yield，which is a suitable intensivecultivation model for this cultivar.

Keywords:apple；Danxia；high yield;cultivation model

我国苹果的栽培面积和产量均居世界前列，而主栽品种几乎为国外品种所垄断，其中日本富士占我国苹果的栽培面积高达 80% 以上，国内自主选育的品种占比不足 1% 。（剩余12774字）