中国核桃育种研究进展

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中图分类号：S664.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1003—8981（2025）03—0001—09

Abstract：Walnut （Juglans regia L.）isan important nut and oil treespecies.China possessesabundant germplasm resources and hasmade significant progress inbreeding superiorcultivars.This paper reviewed researchconducted in China othe investigation，colection，evaluation，andconservationof valuable walnut germplasm，aswellasrgional distribution zoning. A relatively comprehensive germplasm repository and information sharing system have been established.Theeviewoutlinedresearchprogessinsedlingselection，introductionross-breeding，andtheeletioof hybridclonesandrootstocks.Particularemphasiswasplacedonthebreedingofearly-fruitingcultivars，highlightingtheir superior traitsand asociated shortcomings，suchas susceptibility to premature decline and low stresstolerance，along with mitigationstrategies utilizing clonalroostocks.Advances inthe genetic dissctionof important agronomic traits were summarized，including theconstructionofahigh-qualitychromosome-levelreferencegenomeandthe development of OuterossSeq，a novel method forgenerating high-density genotyping maps.Key genetic markers linked to critical traits like endocarp thickness andoil synthesis havebeenidentified.Furthermore，thepaper proposed breedingobjectives focusedonsuperiororganolepticquality，easeofcracking，andenhanced marketabilityalong with future development orientations for molecular design and genomic selection breeding，to provide a comprehensive reference and a solid foundation for further research.

Keywords：walnut; breeding;germplasm resources; genetic improvement; progres！

核桃JuglansregiaL.是重要的木本油料和坚果经济树种，其坚果仁不但营养丰富而且富含油脂[1]。（剩余25768字）