小豆种质资源产量性状的多环境评价与优异种质筛选

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Abstract：The yield of adzuki bean （Vigna angularis） is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes，and is significantly influenced by genotype，environment，and genotype-by-environment interactions.To understand the genetic diversityand environmental effects on yield-related traits in adzuki bean germplasm，and to identify superior accessions，310 adzuki bean accessions from China and abroad were evaluated in field trials conducted over two years （2022-2023）at three ecologically diverse locations： Beijing，Qiqihar，and Nanning. Keyyield-related traits，including plant height，growth period，pods per plant，seeds per pod，pod length， hundred-seed weight，and plot yield，were systematically investigated and analyzed.The results showed that all yield-related traits exhibited highly significant differences among diferent accessions and environments，and were significantly affcted by genotype，environment，and genotype-by-environment interactions.Pods per plant，hundred-grain weight，plant height，number of primary branches，and seeds per pod were allsignificantly or highly significantlyand positively correlated with plot yield，with pods per plant showing the strongest correlation coeficient.Path analysis revealed that pods per plant had the largest direct effect on plot yield. Cluster analysis based on yield-related traits grouped the 310 accessions into four clusters，with significant diferences in yield traits among clusters.Comprehensive evaluation identified a set of accessions，such as Huaxiaodou （B0000282），and Hongxiaodou （Boo04139）with desirable characteristics such as long pods，large seeds，high yield，and yield stability.This studyreveals the genetic diversityand environmental adaptabilityof yield-related traits inadzuki bean，providing a theoretical basis and material foundation for the evaluation，selection， utilization，and breeding for high yield in adzuki bean.

Key words： adzuki bean；germplasm resources； yield components； multi-environment trials； geneticdiversity

小豆（Vignaangularis）是一种重要的食用豆类作物，富含蛋白质、维生素、黄酮类化合物和矿物质等多种营养成分，同时，因其含有多种生物活性物质还具有抗氧化、抗高血压、抗炎和抗糖尿病等保健功能[1-3]，兼具重要的药用价值。（剩余20172字）