留叶数与采收时间对上部烟叶成熟特征、产量及质量的影响

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中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）10-1946-08

Abstract：Toclarifytheefectsofleafretentionnumberandharvestingtimeonthematurationcharacteristics，yield，and qualityof uppertobaccoleavesinthetobacogrowingareasofPu'erCity，Yunnanprovince，thisstudydesignedatwofactorexperimen involving diferentupperleafretentionnumbersandharvesting times.Theresultsshowed that，underthesame leafretentionnumber，therelative chlorophyll content（ SPAD value）of upper tobacco leaves gradually decreasedwith the delayof harvesting time.Additionally，retaining six leaves resulted in a higher SPAD value compared to retaining four leaves.The total sugar contentandreducingsugarcontent infreshtobacoleaves firstincreasedandthen decreased withthedelayof harvesting time， andretaining sixleavesresultedin higher totalsugarandreducingsugarcontentscomparedtoretaining fourleaves.Thestarch content continuously decreased as the harvesting time was delayed.For cured tobacco leaves，the reducing sugar content，total nitrogen content，starch content，and potassium content showed an overall downward trend with the delayin harvestingtime，whereasthepetroleumether extract content frstincreasedandthendecreased.Thematurityoftobaccoleavesgraduallyimproved，whiletheevaluationscoresforoilcontent， body，color intensity，and color first increased and then decreased. Treatments A2B2 and A2B3 received relatively high comprehensiveevaluationscoresof7.7Oand7.93，respectively.Withthedelayinharvestingtime，theyield，outputvalue，average price，and proportionof top-grade tobaccofirstincreasedand thendecreased.Atthesame harvestingtime，the yield andoutput value of tobacco with six retained leaves were higher than those of tobacco with four retained leaves.Treatments A2B2 and A2B3 （204号 showedbeteroverallperformanceinconomictaitsoftobaccoleaves.asedonteresultsofthissudy，toenhancetobaccoleaf quality and increase farmers’income，it is recommended that tobacco-growing areas in Pu ’er City，Yunnan province adopt a practice of retaining six leaves and delay harvesting by 3-6 days compared to the conventional harvesting period.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco；upper leaves；number of leaves retained；harvesting time；maturity

烟叶的采收成熟度与其化学成分、外观品质、感官体验以及经济特性等均紧密关联，其对烟叶整体质量的提升作用超过了生产技术流程中的三分之二[1-2]。（剩余9466字）