基于全基因组的假药叶绿体进化：特征及系统发育分析

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中图分类号：Q949.732.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4440（2025）10-1907-13

Abstract：To elucidate the genomic informationof Piper sarmentosum，this study conducted de novo sequencing， assembly，and annotation of itschloroplast genome，follwed by a comprehensive analysis ofits genomic structure，gene composition，repetitive sequence characteristics，simple sequence repeat（SSR）loci，andphylogeneticrelationships.The results showedthatthetotal length of thechloroplast genome sequenceof Pipersarmentosum was161389 bp，exhibitinga typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large singlecopy（LSC）region，a small single-copy（SSC）region， andtwo inverted repeat（IRaand IRb）regions.Theoverall G+C content was 38.30% ，and the genome contained 82 protein-coding genes.A total of 16 forward repeats，24 palindromic repeats，two reverse repeats，and two complementaryrepeats wereidentifiedduringtheanalysis ofits dispersed repetitive sequences.Meanwhile，51 SSR lociweredetected，withA/Tnucleotidesbeing thepredominantrepeat type.Theresultsofcodonusagebiasanalysisrevealed thatcodons encoding leucine（Leu）werethe most frequentlyused，whilethose encoding cysteine（Cys）were theleast frequent.Among the high-frequency codons，most ended with Aor U.Through comparative analysis of chloroplast genome IR boundaries withinthegenus，itwas found thatthe IR boundaryregions of Piper wererelativelyconserved，withonlyminor variations.Sixhighlyvariableregions weredetected inthePipergenus throughnucleotidepolymorphismanalysis：rps6（exonl） trnQ ，psbZ-trnG，rps4-trnT，petA-psbJ，psbJ-psbL，and ndhF-rpl32.Theseregions canbeutilized to develop molecularmarkers forphylogeneticandDNAbarcodingresearch inPiper.Phylogeneticanalysisbasedonchloroplastgenomesof PiperalesplantsconfirmedthatPipersarmentosumwascloselyrelatedtoPiperbetle，Piperhainanense，andPipermutabile. Theresultsof thisstudyprovidevaluable information forthe phylogenyand chloroplast genetic engineeringof this important plant with both medicinal and ediblevalues.

Key words： Piper sarmentosum；Piper L.；chloroplast genome；codon usage bias；phylogenetic analysis

叶绿体是植物细胞中一种具有独立遗传体系的双层膜细胞器，是植物进行光合作用以及碳水化合物、氨基酸、脂肪酸等重要代谢活动的主要场所[1-2]内共生理论认为，叶绿体起源于远古时期被真核细胞吞噬的蓝藻[3]。（剩余22170字）