不同氮肥施用量对宁夏春玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

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中图分类号：S513 文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1002-204x.2025.09.002

文章编号： 1002-204X（2025）09-0007-05

Abstract In view of thecurrent situation of excessive andunreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer in spring corn in theYellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia，taking the Xianyu 1225 corn varietyasthe material，bysettng four diffrentnitrogen application levels，theefectsof different nitrogenapplication levelsontheyieldand nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring corn were studied.The results show that the plant height and spike height first increase and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen applicationrate，while the stem diameter increases with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When nitrogen application rate was from O to 360kg⋅hm-2 ，the grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. When nitrogen application rate was at 420kg⋅hm-2 ，the grain yield would decrease. When the nitrogen application reached 270kg⋅hm-2 ， the nitrogen uptake of the grains reached 183.81kg⋅hm-2 .When the nitrogen application rate was further increased，the nitrogen absorption of the grainsnolonger increasedsignificantly.Theagronomiceficiencyandpartialproductivityofnitrogen fertilizer increased with the decreaseof nitrogenapplicationrate.Under diferent nitrogenapplication levels，the leaching losses ofvarious forms of nitrogen increased withthe increaseof nitrogenapplicationrate，whiletheconcentrations of various forms of nitrogen decreased withthe increase of the number of times the leaching lossliquid was collcted.The peak leachingconcentration wasallin theleaching loss liquid collcted forthe first time.Among thevarious formsof nitrogen leaching， nitrate nitrogen was the main leaching form.Nitrogen application of 360kg⋅hm-2 can be regarded as areasonable nitrogenapplicationamount forcoordinating the spring corn yield and environmentalsafety in the Yellow River Irrigation Area.

Key Words Nitrogen application level; Spring corn; Yield; Nitrogen absorption

玉米是宁夏重要的粮食作物之一，而作为主要种植区域的宁夏引黄灌区玉米种植面积达到宁夏总种植面积的 75%1 1。（剩余6305字）