绿肥配合氮肥减施40%对长江中下游 稻田氮素径流形态及损失的影响

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中图分类号：S14;X71；X52 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-2043（2025）09-2336-11 doi：10.11654/jaes.2024-0878

Abstract：ToprovideateoreticalbasisfoccuratelyevauatingthenviromentaleneftsofGinaddyfields.Inthisstudyeused amulti-pointnetworkobservationinvesigatetheeffctofGMcombinedwitheducedNfrilizeronrunoflsinpaddyfelds.This researchaistoFeldexperimentswereoductedatfourexperimentalatisinanjig（JangsuProvince）Jingou（Hubeovie）， Chizhou（AnhuiProvince），andGaoan（JiangxiProvince）.Theexperimentconsistentlyicludedfourtreatmentsatachsiteinterfalw withconventionalfertliation（FR），winterfallowithconventioalertilizationandtawetun（FR），winterilkvetcandicewih （204 40% N reduction（MR），winter milk vetch and rice with 40% N reduction and straw return（MRS）. The N concentration in ponding water of thepaddyfieldswasmeasuredmultipletimesonthedayoffertilization（beforefertlization）andwithin1daysafterfertlization. Combinedtheinfallwatertablemeasurementwithtewaterbalancemodelofpaddyfelds，weanalyedthefectsofGMcombiedwith reducedNfertilizeronNuofsanditsmorholgicalcharacteristicsintedlendlowerreachsofteYangeRivr.ersults showedthat the peak andaverage total N（TN）concentrations under GM treatments（MR，MRS）were reduced by 11.1%-57.9% and 1 7.1%-27.3% ，respectively，compared toconventional treatments （FR，FRS）Themodel-simulated ricefield ponding waterdepthand runoffconsistencyindicesrangedfrom0.738-0.985andmodelsmulationeficieniesrangedfrom0.7-0.986，indicatingthemodel's reliabilityinquantifyinglossfrodierentreamentseTunofflossfroteFR，FRS，R，ndtreamentsraro 19.94-25.22， 17.71-22.36， 14.60-17.92 kg⋅hm-2 ，and 13.72-16.73 kg⋅hm-2 ，respectively. Compared to conventional treatments，GM treatmentsreducedTNrunoflossby2.5%-45.6%.ThemostsignificantreductionwasobservedinChizhou，AnhuiProvince，hereGM hada more pronounced efectonNrunofflossbeforefertilization.GMmainlyreduced therunofflossof ammoniumN（NH-N）and dissolved organic N（DON）， with reductions rate of 7.7%-43.4% and 3.7%-39.5% ，respectively，indicating that GM effectively reduced N runoff lossprimarily by decreasing NH4+-N and DON.In conclusion，GM combined with a 40% reduction in chemical fertilizers can significantlyreducethecontentofN4-NandDONinpaddyfields，therebydecreasing theamountoftotalN（TN）lossandtheriskof ponding waterpolution.This greenproductionmodel is worthpromoting inthe middleandlowerreachesof theYangtze River.

Keywords：rice; green manure; runoff losses; nitrogen patterns; modeling

长江中下游平原是我国水稻的主要产区之一，2022年，长江中下游平原水稻种植面积15085.5万hm2 ，总产量10662.8万t，均超全国的 50%11 。（剩余18003字）