三维瞬态大电流真空电弧多物理场开断特性仿真与实验

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关键词：真空电弧；开断过程；三维瞬态；多物理场耦合；仿真分析

DOI：10.15938/j. emc. 2025.08.016中图分类号：TM564 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-449X（2025）08-0173-10

Simulation and experiment multi physics field breaking characteristics three-dimensional transient high current vacuum arc

IHAO Yijian， LI Jinjin， DING Gengxin， KU Zhaoyu， DONG Huajun（ ， ， 116O28，China）

Abstract： During high-voltage current interruption by vacuum circuit breakers （VCB）， vacuum arc plasma exhibits spatial dynamic asymmetry as contacts separate，rendering conventional two-dimensional steady-state models inadequate for characterizing its transient behavior. To address this limitation，a three-dimensional multi-physics transient model vacuum arc plasma was developed. This model was constructed on a dual-temperature magnetohydrodynamic foundation，incorporating the dynamic processes current interruption and contact separation. Governing equations for electromagnetic fields，dual-temperature fields （electron/ion），flow fields，and energy transfer were coupled. Dynamic boundary conditions and transient current parameters were introduced， enabling full-process simulation arcing dynamics.The simulation results show that the anode surface plasma velocity，ion temperature and electron temperature are the highest，and the cathode plasma density and pressre are the largest. The physical quantities turn at the center the contact opening distance.The contact opening distance determines the distribution location the physical field parameters，and the opening current affects the values the physical field parameters. Comparing the acquired images，the ion number density distribution obtained from the simulation beter matches the arc morphology in the experiment. The study provides theoretical reference for the diagnosis physical parameters vacuum arc at high voltage level.

Keywords： vacuum arc ； breaking process； three-dimensional transients； multi physics coupling； simula-tion analysis

0引言

由于 SF6 断路器的使用对环境会造成较大危害，真空断路器在中压电力系统已得到广泛应用，目前正在向高压领域推广和应用。（剩余14205字）