礼：变动时代下张锡恭为学求志的思想取向
[中图分类号］K892.9 [文献标识码］A [文章编号]1008-1763（2025）05-0024-10
Rites： The Ideological Orientation of Zhang Xigong's Pursuit of Knowledge and Aspiration in an Era of Change
LIN Cunyang1，TANG Han² （1.Institute of Ancient History，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 1OolOl，China; 2.School of History，University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing1O2488，China）
Abstract：The living conditions of traditional scholars in an era of change have long been an important topic in the study of late Qing history. As a great master of the study of rites， Zhang Xigong cultivated himself through rites and applied rites to the world. He was a representative scholar who as both virtuous and learned and could put them into practice.In his early years， he was influenced by his family's learning and developed a solid foundation in Neo-Confucianism. After studying at the Nanjing Academy，he delved deeply into the study of rites from Neo-Confucianism.As the political situation became increasingly turbulent，he began to utilize the resources of ritual studies to respond to the current crisis，including teaching at the Lianghu Academy，entering the Ritual Studies Institute to study rituals，and retiring to write books. Moreover， he could adapt to The Times and actively adjust his problem awareness and the focus of governing rituals，resulting in his ritual studies thought presenting phased characteristics. In contrast，he firmly adhered to Zheng Xuan's school of Rites，believing in the constant principles carried by rites. He always regarded ethical norms as the unchanging standard for allages. Rites，in the interweaving of change and constancy，have become the bridge that Zhang Xigong uses to connect tradition with modernity. Observing his deeds，one can not only catch a glimpse of the tortuous mental journey and tenacious pursuit of a generation of scholars，but also provide a vivid case for examining the modern transformation of the study of rites.
Key words： Zhang Xigong; ritual study;applying rites to the world; Zheng Xuan
晚清中国，历三千年未有之大变局，七十年间外患频仍，西学东渐，传统秩序在剧烈冲击下濒临崩溃，一代人于风雨晦暝中奔走呼号，其中士人群体在新旧激荡间的表现与心态构成了特殊的文化景观。（剩余16976字）
